This compilation is an update of the most recent publication that cited primary sources and their references of beverage and food aluminum concentration (Pennington, Aluminum content of foods and diets, 1988). It is provided to those who are interested in the aluminum content of what they drink and eat, how beverage and food preparation and storage affects aluminum content, and as source material for possible future studies. Listed values were obtained from no-charge sources available to the author. Please inform the author of errors and of sources that would add to this compilation. It is the author’s intention to update this compilation periodically.
Robert A. Yokel, PhD
Professor Emeritus, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky
ryokel@uky.edu
A. Regulations and Daily Consumption of Al (tables)
Table A: Permissible Al Concentration in Drinking Water Some Jurisdictions, Robert Yokel
Table B: Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Food Additives Containing Aluminum, Robert Yokel
Table C: Some Other FDA-Approved Sources of Aluminum in Food, Robert Yokel
Table D: Aluminum-Containing Additives Allowed by the EU and FAO/WHO, Robert Yokel
Table E: Aluminum Lakes of Permitted Colors Allowed by the European Union, Robert Yokel
Table F: Daily Dietary Aluminum Consumption, Robert Yokel
A.2 Preparation, Packaging, and Storage Effects on Al Concentration in Beverages and Foods
Table A: Aluminum from food preparation, Robert Yokel
Table B: Aluminum from Packaging and Storage, Robert Yokel
Table C: Aluminum Concentration of Beverages and Foods Prepared with Different Material Exposures, Robert Yokel
A.3 Factors that Influence Al Concentration in Beverages and Foods (tables)
Table A: Temperature Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table B: Time Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table C: pH Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table D: Salt Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table E: Carboxylic Acid Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table F: Fluoride Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table F: Sugar Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table G: Aluminum Utensil Alloy and Manufacturing Process Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Table H: Aluminum Material Age Influence on Aluminum Mobilization into Beverages and Foods, Robert Yokel
Baking Components
Baking Powder and Baking Soda, Robert Yokel
Egg, Robert Yokel
Honey, Robert Yokel
Oils, Fats, and their Products, Robert Yokel
Sugar, Syrup and Molasses, Robert Yokel
Vinegar, Robert Yokel
Yeast, Robert Yokel
Beverages
Beer, Robert Yokel
Drinking Water by Location, Robert Yokel
Energy, Isotonic, Sports, and Nutritional Drinks, Robert Yokel
Liquors and Spirits, Robert Yokel
Mineral, Spring, Table, and Bottled Water, Robert Yokel
Soft Drinks, Robert Yokel
Tap vs. Bottled Water, Robert Yokel
Tap vs. Mineral Water, Robert Yokel
Wine, Other, Robert Yokel
Wine, Red, Robert Yokel
Wine, Sparkling, Robert Yokel
Wine, White, Robert Yokel
Fruits and Fruit Juices
Apple, Robert Yokel
Apple Juice, Robert Yokel
Apricot and Apricot Juice, Robert Yokel
Banana, Robert Yokel
Cherries and Cherry Juices, Robert Yokel
Fruit Juices, No Single Fruit Source Reported, Robert Yokel
Grape, Robert Yokel
Grapefruit and Grapefruit Juice, Robert Yokel
Grape Juice, Robert Yokel
Kiwi and Kiwi Juice, Robert Yokel
Mango and Mango Juice, Robert Yokel
Melons, Robert Yokel
Non-Specific Fruit, Robert Yokel
Orange, Robert Yokel
Orange Juice, Robert Yokel
Other Specific Fruits and their Juices, Robert Yokel
Pineapple, Robert Yokel
Pineapple Juice, Robert Yokel
Plums, Prunes and their Juices, Robert Yokel
Raisins and Sultanas, Robert Yokel
Strawberry and Strawberry Juice, Robert Yokel
Tomato, Robert Yokel
Cereals and Cereal Products
Baked Goods (Donuts, Muffins, Scones), Robert Yokel
Barley, Robert Yokel
Biscuits, Crackers, and Similar Items, Robert Yokel
Breads, Robert Yokel
Breakfast Cereals, Robert Yokel
Buckwheat and Buckwheat Products, Robert Yokel
Cake, Robert Yokel
Cereals and Grains, Robert Yokel
Cookies and Snacks, Robert Yokel
Corn and Corn Products, Robert Yokel
Lentils, Robert Yokel
Oats and Oat Products, Robert Yokel
Pancakes and Waffles, Robert Yokel
Pasta and Noodles, Robert Yokel
Rice, Robert Yokel
Rye, Robert Yokel
Steamed, Fried, Flour-Based Products, Robert Yokel
Wheat, Robert Yokel
Infant Formula, Baby Food
Baby and Infant Food, Robert Yokel
Infant Formula, Robert Yokel
Milk-Based Formula, Robert Yokel
Soy-Based Formula, Robert Yokel
Meat and Meat Products
Beef and Veal, Unprocessed, Robert Yokel
Chicken and Chicken-Based Foods, Robert Yokel
Meat Alternatives, Robert Yokel
Meat and Processed Meats, Robert Yokel
Meat, Other Sources, Robert Yokel
Pork and Pork-Based Foods, Robert Yokel
Sheep and Sheep-Based Foods, Robert Yokel
Dairy Products and Analogues
Butter, Robert Yokel
Cheese, Robert Yokel
Cow Milk, Robert Yokel
Human Milk, Robert Yokel
Ice Cream, Robert Yokel
Milk From Other Species, Robert Yokel
Processed Cheese, Robert Yokel
Vegetable, Nut, and Grain-Based Milks, Robert Yokel
Yogurt, Robert Yokel
Mushrooms
Mushrooms, Robert Yokel
Nuts and Seeds
Nuts and Seeds, Robert Yokel
Prepared Foods
Baked Beans, Robert Yokel
