Theme 2-3: Forage Production and Utilization--Poster Sessions

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The use of companion crops when establishing perennial forages is desirable as it often reduces weed growth and increases forage biomass in the seeding year. In eastern Canada, oat (Avena sativa L.) is the main species used as companion crop; although other species are used, they have not been systematically evaluated. A field study was established in 2019 at three sites in Québec, Canada, to contrast the use of six annual species as companion crops for the establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures. Species evaluated include berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamarck), forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), forage oat, Japanese millet [Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz], and sudangrass [Sorghum × drummondii (Nees ex. Steud.) Millsp. & Chase]. The control treatment consisted of the perennial species seeded without companion crop. Treatments were seeded at three dates (mid-May to early-June, mid-June to early-July, and early August) and evaluated during the seeding year based on biomass production and botanical composition. Overall, across sites, for the first two seeding dates, highest annual forage yields were observed with sudangrass, Japanese millet, and oat as companion crops. The use of these species increased yields by 1.8 to 2.5 Mg ha-1 on a dry matter basis (DM) compared to the control which yielded an average of 3.7 Mg DM ha-1. For the early August seeding, response varied significantly across sites. Annual yields were the highest with the use of oat at two sites (avg. of 2.4 Mg DM ha-1), whereas no differences between treatments were observed at the other site. Companion crop species which maximized total forage yields in the seeding year often reduced weed biomass, but also that of perennial species. The impact of treatments on the survival of perennial forages and their production during the first post-seeding year will be presented in a later publication.

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Evaluation of Annual Companion Crops for the Establishment of Perennial Forage Crops in Eastern Canada

The use of companion crops when establishing perennial forages is desirable as it often reduces weed growth and increases forage biomass in the seeding year. In eastern Canada, oat (Avena sativa L.) is the main species used as companion crop; although other species are used, they have not been systematically evaluated. A field study was established in 2019 at three sites in Québec, Canada, to contrast the use of six annual species as companion crops for the establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures. Species evaluated include berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamarck), forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), forage oat, Japanese millet [Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz], and sudangrass [Sorghum × drummondii (Nees ex. Steud.) Millsp. & Chase]. The control treatment consisted of the perennial species seeded without companion crop. Treatments were seeded at three dates (mid-May to early-June, mid-June to early-July, and early August) and evaluated during the seeding year based on biomass production and botanical composition. Overall, across sites, for the first two seeding dates, highest annual forage yields were observed with sudangrass, Japanese millet, and oat as companion crops. The use of these species increased yields by 1.8 to 2.5 Mg ha-1 on a dry matter basis (DM) compared to the control which yielded an average of 3.7 Mg DM ha-1. For the early August seeding, response varied significantly across sites. Annual yields were the highest with the use of oat at two sites (avg. of 2.4 Mg DM ha-1), whereas no differences between treatments were observed at the other site. Companion crop species which maximized total forage yields in the seeding year often reduced weed biomass, but also that of perennial species. The impact of treatments on the survival of perennial forages and their production during the first post-seeding year will be presented in a later publication.