Abstract
Background: Racial disparities in the incidence of major cancers may be attributed to differences in the prevalence of established, modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, physical activity and diet.
Methods: Data from a prospective cohort of 566,398 adults aged 50–71 years, 19,677 African-American and 450,623 Whites, was analyzed. Baseline data on cancer-related risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, physical activity and dietary patterns were used to create an individual adherence score. Differences in adherence by race, gender and geographic region were assessed using descriptive statistics, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between adherence and cancer incidence.
Results: Only 1.5% of study participants were adherent to all five cancer-related risk factor guidelines, with marked race-, gender- and regional differences in adherence overall. Compared with participants who were fully adherent to all five cancer risk factor criteria, those adherent to one or less had a 76% increased risk of any cancer incidence (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.70 – 1.82), 38% increased risk of breast cancer (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.25 – 1.52), and doubled the risk of colorectal cancer (HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.84 – 2.29). However, risk of prostate cancer was lower among participants adherent to one or less compared with those who were fully adherent (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.75 – 0.85). The proportion of cancer incident cases attributable to low adherence was higher among African-Americans compared with Whites for all cancers (21% vs. 19%), and highest for colorectal cancer (25%) regardless of race.
Conclusion: Racial differences in the proportion of cancer incidence attributable to low adherence suggests unique opportunities for targeted cancer prevention strategies that may help eliminate racial disparities in cancer burden among older US adults.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-30-2017
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3557-1
Funding Information
This work was supported by the Deep South Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) Award Number 2P30AG031054 from the National Institute on Aging and the University of Alabama at Birmingham Faculty Development Grant Program.
Related Content
The dataset and questionnaire utilized for this study are publicly available online at: https://dietandhealth.cancer.gov/resource/
Repository Citation
Akinyemiju, Tomi; Wiener, Howard; and Pisu, Maria, "Cancer-Related Risk Factors and Incidence of Major Cancers by Race, Gender and Region; Analysis of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study" (2017). Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications. 22.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epidemiology_facpub/22
Additional file 1: Participant flowchart for NIH_AARP Diet and Health Study.
Notes/Citation Information
Published in BMC Cancer, v. 17, 597, p. 1-11.
© The Author(s). 2017
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