Evaluating Mindfulness Training as a Cognitive Performance Enhancement Tool

Authors

• Ekaterina Denkova, University of MiamiFollow
• Taylor K. Tardibuono, University of Miami
• Anthony P. Zanesco, University of KentuckyFollow
• Catalina Sanchez Montenegro, University of Miami
• Joshua D. Rooks, University of Miami
• Scott L. Rogers, University of Miami
• Amishi P. Jha, University of MiamiFollow

Abstract

Objectives: Special Operations Forces (SOF) must maintain cognitive and operational performance under extreme conditions. This pragmatic trial aimed to assess whether integrating a mindfulness training (MT) program into SOF Professional Military Education (PME) through a train-the-trainer approach could enhance these critical capabilities. Method: Using a cluster-randomized design, groups were assigned to MT or training-as-usual (TAU). After a 10-week trainer practicum, trainers delivered a 4-week, 6-hr variant of a validated 8-hr MT program in person across two PME courses (Rounds 1 and 2). In Round 1 (n = 122), MT was implemented at the start of the course, with out-of-class mindfulness practice delivered via a web app. In Round 2 (n = 120), MT was delivered at the end of the course, with out-of-class mindfulness practice conducted in groups. Cognitive and well-being measures were collected before and after the 4-week MT interval, and end-of-course exam scores were examined. MT participants provided trainer and program evaluations. Results: While trainer and program satisfaction were high, no consistent MT benefits over TAU emerged. However, in Round 1, participants who engaged in more out-of-class mindfulness practice demonstrated improved attention and higher exam scores. In Round 2, all participants experienced increased mind-wandering and decreased well-being, with MT participants indicating that the program’s delivery during the most demanding course period may have limited its effectiveness. Conclusions: This study offers evidence-based insights into key enablers and barriers to the adoption of MT. It establishes a foundational framework for the broader, large-scale implementation of MT across various high-demand professional sectors. Preregistration: Clinical Trial Registration # NCT04703296.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-1-2026

Notes/Citation Information

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2026.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1007/s12671-026-02786-x

Archival?

Archival

Repository Citation

Denkova, Ekaterina; Tardibuono, Taylor K.; Zanesco, Anthony P.; Sanchez Montenegro, Catalina; Rooks, Joshua D.; Rogers, Scott L.; and Jha, Amishi P., "Evaluating Mindfulness Training as a Cognitive Performance Enhancement Tool" (2026). Psychology Faculty Publications. 284.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_facpub/284