Abstract
Human APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3) enzymes are capable of inhibiting a wide range of endogenous and exogenous viruses using deaminase and deaminase-independent mechanisms. These enzymes are essential components of our innate immune system, as evidenced by (a) their strong positive selection and expansion in primates, (b) the evolution of viral counter-defense mechanisms, such as proteasomal degradation mediated by HIV Vif, and (c) hypermutation and inactivation of a large number of integrated HIV-1 proviruses. Numerous APOBEC3 single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and splice variants have been identified in humans. Several of these variants have been reported to be associated with differential antiviral immunity. This review focuses on the current knowledge in the field about these natural variations and their roles in infectious diseases.
Document Type
Review
Publication Date
7-14-2021
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071366
Funding Information
This research was funded by NIAID R21 AI138793.
Repository Citation
Sadeghpour, Shiva; Khodaee, Saeideh; Rahnama, Mostafa; Rahimi, Hamzeh; and Ebrahimi, Diako, "Human APOBEC3 Variations and Viral Infection" (2021). Plant Pathology Faculty Publications. 102.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_facpub/102
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Viruses, v. 13, issue 7, 1366.
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).