Abstract
The current study investigated how bovine milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) affected rotarod performance and biomarkers of skeletal muscle physiology in young, growing rats. Twenty-eight-day Fisher 344 rats were provided an AIN-93G-based diet for 4 weeks that either remained unadulterated [EVs and RNA-sufficient (ERS; n = 12)] or was sonicated [EVs and RNA-depleted (ERD; n = 12)]. Prior to (PRE) and on the last day of the intervention (POST), animals were tested for maximal rotarod performance. Following the feeding period, the gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed at the histological, biochemical, and molecular levels and was also used to measure mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission. A main effect of time was observed for rotarod time (PRE > POST, p = 0.001). Terminal gastrocnemius mass was unaffected by diet, although gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross sectional area was 11% greater (p = 0.018) and total RNA (a surrogate of ribosome density) was 24% greater (p = 0.001) in ERD. Transcriptomic analysis of the gastrocnemius indicated that 22 mRNAs were significantly greater in ERS versus ERD (p < 0.01), whereas 55 mRNAs were greater in ERD versus ERS (p < 0.01). There were no differences in gastrocnemius citrate synthase activity or mitochondrial coupling (respiratory control ratio), although mitochondrial ROS production was lower in ERD gastrocnemius (p = 0.016), which may be explained by an increase in glutathione peroxidase protein levels (p = 0.020) in ERD gastrocnemius. Dietary EVs profiling confirmed that sonication in the ERD diet reduced EVs content by ∼60%. Our findings demonstrate that bovine milk EVs depletion through sonication elicits anabolic and transcriptomic effects in the gastrocnemius muscle of rapidly maturing rats. While this did not translate into a functional outcome between diets (i.e., rotarod performance), longer feeding periods may be needed to observe such functional effects.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-16-2019
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00436
Funding Information
Funding for this study was provided through the Auburn University Intramural grant Program awarded to AK, MDR, and KY. Also, the development of the diets was supported by NIFA 2015-67017-23181 and 2016-67001-25301, NIH 1P20GM104320, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Gerber Foundation, and PureTech Health, Inc., awarded to JZ.
Repository Citation
Parry, Hailey A.; Mobley, Christopher Brooks; Mumford, Petey W.; Romero, Matthew A.; Haun, Cody T.; Zhang, Yufeng; Roberson, Paul A.; Zempleni, Janos; Ferrando, Arny A.; Vechetti, Ivan J. Jr.; McCarthy, John J.; Young, Kaelin C.; Roberts, Michael D.; and Kavazis, Andreas N., "Bovine Milk Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Modification Elicits Skeletal Muscle Growth in Rats" (2019). Physiology Faculty Publications. 148.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_facpub/148
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Frontiers in Physiology, v. 10, article 436, p. 1-13.
Copyright © 2019 Parry, Mobley, Mumford, Romero, Haun, Zhang, Roberson, Zempleni, Ferrando, Vechetti, McCarthy, Young, Roberts and Kavazis.
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