Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth. Its activity, however, has been attributed to indirect mechanisms such as boosting the immune response by activating macrophages and inhibiting the blood vessel growth necessary for the growth of tumors.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this study we show for the first time that DBP-maf exhibits a direct and potent effect on prostate tumor cells in the absence of macrophages. DBP-maf demonstrated inhibitory activity in proliferation studies of both LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines as well as metastatic clones of these cells. Flow cytometry studies with annexin V and propidium iodide showed that this inhibitory activity is not due to apoptosis or cell death. DBP-maf also had the ability to inhibit migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Finally, DBP-maf was shown to cause a reduction in urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression in prostate tumor cells. There is evidence that activation of this receptor correlates with tumor metastasis.
CONCLUSIONS: These studies show strong inhibitory activity of DBP-maf on prostate tumor cells independent of its macrophage activation.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-18-2010
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013428
Funding Information
This work was supported by Department of Defense (DOD) grant PC030286 and Research to Prevent Blindness Challenge Grant.
Repository Citation
Gregory, Kalvin J.; Zhao, Bing; Bielenberg, Diane R.; Dridi, Sami; Wu, Jason; Jiang, Weihua; Huang, Bin; Pirie-Shepherd, Steven; and Fannon, Michael, "Vitamin D Binding Protein-Macrophage Activating Factor Directly Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and uPAR Expression of Prostate Cancer Cells" (2010). Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications. 1.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ophthalmology_facpub/1
Notes/Citation Information
Published in PLoS ONE, v. 5, no. 10, e13428, p. 1-11.
© 2010 Gregory et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.