Potential of C4 Tropical Grasses to Contribute in Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Security and Livelihood Opportunities through Increased Fodder Availability

Potential of C4 Tropical Grasses to Contribute in Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Security and Livelihood Opportunities through Increased Fodder Availability

The world grasslands/rangeland ecosystems comprise 26% of earth’s surface and have immense ecological and economic significance. Diversity of grasslands had been a key element for their sustainability. Grasslands in India have existed as natural ecosystems for millions of years. It is a major source of income, employment and livelihood to the rural families. Owing to heavy grazing pressure, coupled with other social/anthropogenic factors, the grazing resources have fast deteriorated. The country has many old and natural grasslands with ethnic and economic value. Comprehensive ecological studies including floristic compositions, dominant species, grazing pressure and the climax/sub-climax stages of ecological succession will surely provide prescriptions for developing and rejuvenating these grazing resources. Grasslands face challenges in arid, semiarid and the moist lowlands with trees, shrubs and many invasive species including alien trees and shrubs introduced intentionally or unintentionally. Fast degrading rangelands in dry areas is causing a threat to huge amount of carbon stored in the top soil on earth in addition to threat to global hotspots for biodiversity. In the context of fast changing climate, the grazing lands can play a significant role. High water use efficiency and productivity of most C4 tropical grasses make them suitable for coping with climate change along with quality fodder.