Theme 2-1: Forage Production and Utilization--Oral Sessions

The XXIV International Grassland Congress / XI International Rangeland Congress (Sustainable Use of Grassland and Rangeland Resources for Improved Livelihoods) takes place virtually from October 25 through October 29, 2021.
Proceedings edited by the National Organizing Committee of 2021 IGC/IRC Congress
Published by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization

XXIV International Grassland Congress /
XI International Rangeland Congress:
Forage Production and Utilization--Oral Sessions

Environmental Factors Effect on Rangeland Plant Diversity in Al Sabaloga Area, Sudan

Salma Abdelghaffar Hassan Alamin, The National Center for Research, Sudan
Hala Ahamed Hassan, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan

Forage Genetic Resources in Brazil

Liana Jank, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Mateus F. Santos, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Cacilda B. do Valle, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Sanzio C. L. Barrios, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Rosangela M. Simeão, EMBRAPA, Brazil

Future Generations – Will Any Be Lacking Tropical Forage Genetic Resources?

B. L. Maass, University of Göttingen, Germany
B. C. Pengelly, Pengelly Consultancy Pty Ltd., Australia

Rebuilding a Tropical Forages for the Future Network – A Call for Resuscitating Enthusiasm for a Commodity with Great Prospects and Innovation Potential

B. C. Pengelly, Pengelly Consultancy Pty Ltd., Australia
B. L. Maass, University of Göttingen, Germany

Linking Demand with Supply for Tropical Forage Genetic Resources to Reach Impact at Scale

M. Peters, Alliance of Bioversity International
S. Burkart, Alliance of Bioversity International
U. Ohmstedt, Alliance of Bioversity International
C. Castiblanco, Alliance of Bioversity International
E. Stern, Grupo Papalotla, Mexico
A. Nicolayevsky, Grupo Papalotla, Mexico
K. Enciso, Alliance of Bioversity International
M. Díaz, Alliance of Bioversity International
S. Mwendia, Alliance of Bioversity International
S. Douxchamps, Alliance of Bioversity International
A. O. Notenbaert, Alliance of Bioversity International
B. Lukuyu, International Livestock Research Institute
K. Fuglie, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Breeding Cows Body Condition and Dry Matter Availability in Natural Pastures under Rotational System

Dinah Pereira Rodrigues, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
Giuliano Teixeira da Silva, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Paulo Elias Borges Rodrigues, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Alex Fabiano Fernandes Gomes, Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento de Santana do Livramento, Brazil
Gustavo Kruguer Gonçalves, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Leonardo de Melo Menezes, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Breeding Perennial Warm-Season Grasses for the Subtropical Belt in South America

Carlos A. Acuña, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina

Moving Warm-Season Forage Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) into Temperate Regions of North America

W. F. Anderson, U.S. Department of Agriculture
L. Baxter, University of Georgia
D. Hancock, U.S. Department of Agriculture
R. N. Gates, University of Georgia
Esteban F. Rios, University of Florida

Temperate/Tropical Transition Zones: A Hotspot for Breeding Forages with Climate Resiliency

Kenneth H. Quesenberry, University of Florida
Esteban F. Rios, University of Florida
Kevin E. Kenworthy, University of Florida

Warm-Season Legumes – Challenges and Constraints to Adapting Warm-Season Legumes to Transition Zone Climates with Examples from Arachis

G. M. L. Assis, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brazil
José C. B. Dubeux Jr., University of Florida

Climate Smart Urochloa Grasses Improves Soil Health in the Semi-Arid Tropics of Kenya

Elias M. Gichangi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Mwangi Gatheru, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Feed Intake and Liveweight Gain of Goats Fed Urochloa Grass

P. M. Ngila, South Eastern Kenya University, Kenya
Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Michael N. Njunie, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Growth and Yield Evaluation of Urochloa Grass Cultivars in Sub-Humid Region of Kenya

M. N. Kifuko-Koech, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya
K. W. Ndung’u-Magiroi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
M. C. Mutoko, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
M. Kamidi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Milk Yield of Dairy Cattle Fed Common Urochloa Grass in Kenya

R. W. Muinga, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Michael N. Njunie, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Mwangi Gatheru, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Urochloa Grass Cultivars in Kenya

Mwangi Gatheru, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
C. N. Ondiko, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
W. Ayako, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
M. C. Mutoko, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Elias M. Gichangi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya
Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Productivity and Nutritive Value of Urochloa Grass Cultivars in Semi-Arid Tropical Kenya

Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Mwangi Gatheru, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Soil Microbial Carbon, Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen Dynamics in Urochloa Grass Cultivated in Sub-Humid Kenya

K. W. Ndung’u-Magiroi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
M. N. Koech, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
M. C. Mutoko, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
M. Kamidi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
Elias M. Gichangi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kenya
Donald M. G. Njarui, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya

Nutritional Characteristics of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evrard) Subjected to Different Doses of Gamma Rays

A. I. Hoka, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kenya
M. Gicheru, Kenyatta University, Kenya
S. Otieno, Kenyatta University, Kenya

BRS Quênia and BRS Tamani: New Panicum maximum Jacq. Hybrid Cultivars in Brazil

Liana Jank, EMBRAPA, Brazil
C. M. S. de Andrade, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Giovana A. Maciel, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Rodrigo A. Barbosa, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Gustavo J. Braga, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Manuel C. M. Macedo, EMBRAPA, Brazil
José R. Valério, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Jaqueline R. Verzignassi, EMBRAPA, Brazil
A. H. Zimmer, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Celso D. Fernandes, EMBRAPA, Brazil
M. F. Santos, EMBRAPA, Brazil
Rosangela M. Simeão, EMBRAPA, Brazil

Identification and Analysis of Flowering Time Candidate Genes of Dactylis glomerata L.

X. Q. Zhang, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
G. Y. Feng, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
L. K. Huang, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
X. X. Zhao, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Z. F. Yang, Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Differences In Urochloa Hybrids and Cultivars Biomass Production in Several Sites in Western Kenya

S. Mwendia, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Kenya
A. O. Notenbaert, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Kenya
D. M. Mwangi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Kenya
R. Odhiambo, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Kenya
I. Ogutu, Send a Cow, Kenya
A. Juma, Send a Cow, Kenya

Growth Performance and Yield of Three Brachiaria Cultivars Subjected to Different Eco-Climatic Zones of Tanzania

Ismail S. Selemani, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

Smallholder Farmer Seed Production of Mulato II Hybrid Brachiaria in Thailand and Laos - Bringing Quality Forage Seeds Home to Africa

M. D. Hare, Ubon Forage Seeds Co. Ltd., Thailand

Induction of Tetraploid Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) by Colchicine and Possibility of Using Seed Weight as Screening Method

R. Poungkaew, Nakhonratchasima Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Thailand
Y. Mangpung, Nakhonratchasima Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Thailand
J. Arananant, Department of Livestock Development, Thailand
P. Chuchuay, Nakhonratchasima Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Thailand
S. Thaikua, Department of Livestock Development, Thailand
P. Chanpeng, Pichit Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Thailand

Diet Selection by Goats at Kalemando, North Darfur, Sudan

Abdelrahim I. H. Mansoor, University of Zalingei, Sudan
Babo Fadlalla, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan

Nitrogen Options to Increase Yields for Stockpiling Cool Season Grass in Eastern Ohio, USA

C. D. Penrose, The Ohio State University
J. S. McCutcheon, The Ohio State University
D. F. Lima, The Ohio State University
T. G. Wiseman, The Ohio State University
M. A. Landefeld, The Ohio State University

Title Evaluation of Yields and Nutritive Composition of Dual Purpose Sweet Potato Vine Cultivars for Forage Use

R. S. Kenana, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kenya
A. I. Hoka, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kenya
N. Ondabu, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kenya
F. Ondabu, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kenya
J. Mercy, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kenya

Comparison of Four Maize Cultivars (Zea mays L.) as Winter Forage in Sudan

Rihab El Zubair, Directorate of Range and Pasture, Sudan

Influence of Seeding Rate on Growth Performance and Yield of Early Maturing Sorghum

Ismail S. Selemani, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
O. B. Ngonyani, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

Forage Yield and Nutritive Quality of Haulm from Dual-Purpose Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) Cultivars for Dry Season Feeding in Nigeria

N. J. Anyanwu, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Olufemi S. Onifade, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Jimoh A. Olanite, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
V. I. O. Olowe, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
B. O. Boukar, International Insttitute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria
I. I. Ekpe, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

Nutritive Composition and In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of the Most Browsed Forage Species by Lactating Camels

Lucy W. Ikanya, University of Nairobi, Kenya
J. G. Maina, University of Nairobi, Kenya
C. K. Gachuiri, University of Nairobi, Kenya
W. O. Owino, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
José C. B. Dubeux Jr., University of Florida

Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains and Their Effects on the Fermentation Quality of Elephant Grass (Cenchrus purpureus) Silage

Azizza Mala, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Babo Fadlalla, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan
Zhihao Dong, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Junfeng Li, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Tao Shao, Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Formononetin of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) as Affected by Water Availability

Fernando Ortega-Klose, INIA, Chile
Rafael López-Olivari, INIA, Chile
Muriel Melo, INIA, Chile
Andrés Quiroz, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
L. Bardehle, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile

The CROPGRO Perennial Forage Model Simulates Productivity and Re-Growth of Tropical Perennial Grasses

K. J. Boote, University of Florida
D. N. L. Pequeno, CIMMYT, Mexico
P. D. Alderman, Oklahoma State University
S. J. Rymph, Land-O-Lakes, Wisconsin
M. A. S. Lara, University of Lavras, Brazil

Uses and Knowledge of Plant Species by Mongolian Herders in the Gobi Desert and Identification of Species of Interest for Planting

A. Barnes, CIRAD, France
Simon Taugourdeau, CIRAD, France
S. Bazan, CIRAD, France
V. Rayot, Orano, France
Ts. Enkhjargal, Badrakh Energy, Mongolia

The Morphological, Crude Protein and In-Vitro Dry Matter Degradability Characterisation of Nine Native Grass Species for Veld Restoration in Semi-Arid Environment

N. H. Msiza, North West University, South Africa
K. E. Ravhuhali, North West University, South Africa
H. K. Mokoboki, North West University, South Africa
Sydney Mavengahama, North West University, South Africa

"Estimation of the Primary Net Production above Ground through Remote Sensing in a Pastoral System of the Colombian Altillanura."

R. A. Díaz, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Colombia
M. Álvarez, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Colombia
O. Pérez, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Colombia
J. Bernal, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Colombia
M. Arango, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Colombia

Closing Feed Gaps by Winter Forage Production in Limpopo: What Is the Potential?

S. A. Lamega, University of Göttingen, Germany
M. Komainda, University of Göttingen, Germany
M. P. Hoffmann, AGVOLUTION GmbH, Germany
J. J. Odhiambo, University of Venda, South Africa
K. K. Ayisi, University of Limpopo, South Africa
Johannes Isselstein, University of Göttingen, Germany

Grass-Legume Mixtures for Diversified and Profitable Forage Production

M. A. Islam, University of Wyoming
D. Ashilenje, University of Wyoming

Shelf Life Potential and Microbial Load of Varying Mixtures of Grass-Legume Pellets: A Dry Season Feed

O. A. Aderinola, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
S. T. Oyewole, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
D. O. Okunlola, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria

Regeneration of Old Ungrazed Old Man Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) Stands in South-West Australia

S. J. Bennett, Curtin University, Australia
S. G. Low, Curtin University, Australia
D. Collins, Greening Australia Western Australia, Australia
V. Crouch, Corrigin Farm Improvement Group, Australia

Sowing Rate Effects on Biomass Production of a Forage Oat in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

C. T. Liu, Lanzhou University, China
H. B. Zhang, Lanzhou University, China
J. Q. Deng, Lanzhou University, China
Yuying Shen, Lanzhou University, China

Irrigation Management Strategies for Fodder Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Crops

Edith N. Khaembah, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
John M. de Ruiter, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
E. Chakwizira, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
S. Maley, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
M. J. George, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand

Maintain Forage Yields in Long- and Short-Term Grasslands in Norway

I. Sturite, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway
T. Maeland, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway
M. Höglind, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway

Identifying Forage Quality Eastern Gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] Genotypes from a Wild Regional Collection

D. M. Hollowell, Mississippi State University
Jesse Ira Morrison, Mississippi State University
B. S. Baldwin, Mississippi State University

Understanding the Effects of a Tannin Extract on Forage Protein Digestion in the Rumen and Abomasum Using a Dynamic Artificial Digestive System Coupled to a Digestomic Approach

T. Sayd, INRAE, France
C. Chambon, INRAE, France
A. Torrent, Université Clermont Auvergne, France
S. Blinet, INRAE, France
L. Theron, INRAE, France
V. Niderkorn, Université Clermont Auvergne, France

The Hunt for the “Holy Grail”: Condensed Tannins in Perennial Forage Legumes

John R. Caradus, Grasslanz Technology Limited, New Zealand
Christine R. Voisey, AgResearch, New Zealand
G. R. Cousin, PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd., New Zealand
D. R. Woodfield, PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd., New Zealand
A. Blanc, AgroParisTech, France
M. B. Roldan, AgResearch, New Zealand