Abstract

Oral delivery is the most common and preferred route of drug administration although the digestive tract exhibits several obstacles to drug delivery including motility and intraluminal pH profiles. The gut milieu represents the largest mucosal surface exposed to microorganisms with 1010-12 colony forming bacteria/g of colonic content. Approximately, one third of fecal dry matter is made of bacteria/ bacterial components. Indeed, the normal gut microbiota is responsible for healthy digestion of dietary fibers (polysaccharides) and fermentation of short chain fatty acids such as acetate and butyrate that provide carbon sources (fuel) for these bacteria. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results in breakage of the mucosal barrier, an altered microbiota and dysregulated gut immunity. Prodrugs that are chemically constructed to target colonic release or are degraded specifically by colonic bacteria, can be useful in the treatment of IBD. This review describes the progress in digestive tract prodrug design and delivery in light of gut metabolic activities.

Document Type

Review

Publication Date

2-27-2008

Notes/Citation Information

Published in Molecules, v. 13, issue 2, p. 452-474.

© 2008 by MDPI

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).

A correction was published on 1 April 2008: http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/4/771

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13020452

Funding Information

The authors acknowledge NIH-NCCAM grant AT1490 and COBRE P20 RR020145 for financial support.

molecules-13-00452-s001.pdf (10 kB)
Supplementary Material: Correction

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