Abstract
Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults > 30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients > 30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-15-2018
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121986
Funding Information
We want to acknowledge the support of U.S.P.H.S. grant GM103538 to the Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, and funding from the Center for Oral Health Research at the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry. We also acknowledge the support for Basu and Ebersole from the NIGMS INBRE program GM 103440.
Related Content
The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1986/s1, Table S1: Population demographics, Table S2: Serum nutrient variables.
Repository Citation
Ebersole, Jeffrey L; Lambert, Joshua; Bush, Heather; Huja, Pinar Emecen; and Basu, Arpita, "Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis" (2018). Biostatistics Faculty Publications. 36.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biostatistics_facpub/36
Supplementary Material
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Nutrients, v. 10, issue 12, 1986, p. 1-19.
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).