Noncontact diffuse optical imaging of blood flow and oxygenation distributions in reconstructive rat skin flaps

Authors

• Samaneh Rabienia Haratbar, University of KentuckyFollow
• Fatemeh Hamedi, University of Kentucky
• Mehrana Mohtasebi, University of KentuckyFollow
• Faraneh Fathi, University of Kentucky
• Faezeh Akbari, University of Kentucky
• Dara Singh, University of KentuckyFollow
• L. I.U. Xuhui, University of Kentucky
• Li Chen, University of KentuckyFollow
• Lesley Wong, University of Kentucky
• Lei Chen, University of Kentucky
• Guoqiang Yu, University of KentuckyFollow

Abstract

Perioperative identification of ischemic-hypoxic tissue is essential for reducing the risk of mastectomy skin flap necrosis (MSFN), a major complication following mastectomy. Implant-based breast reconstruction is jeopardized in the presence of MSFN. However, existing technologies are limited by depth insensitivity, dye-related risks, the need for contact sensors, and an inability to simultaneously assess both blood flow and oxygenation. A multi-wavelength speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (MW-scDCT) system was developed for noncontact, dye-free, and depth-sensitive imaging of tissue hemodynamics in a rat model incorporating four distinct flap scenarios: sham (SH), implant (IM), half necrosis (HN), and full necrosis (FN), representing varying degrees of tissue viability. MW-scDCT measured longitudinal changes in relative blood flow index (rBFI) and oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations (∆[HbO₂] and ∆[Hb]) over seven days. Repeated measures analysis of variance and quadratic discriminant analysis were employed for statistical analysis. MW-scDCT enabled longitudinal imaging of tissue blood flow and oxygenation distributions, revealing significant differences across flap types and over time. In terms of discriminative power, integrating rBFI, ∆[HbO₂], and ∆[Hb] into a multivariable classification model substantially improved accuracy, achieving 80-95% compared to 40-70% using individual parameters. Binary classification of necrotic (FN + HN) versus non-necrotic (SH + IM) flaps showed up to 50% improvement in accuracy gains. MW-scDCT effectively distinguished necrotic from viable flaps and provided critical early postoperative insights into MSFN. These findings support its potential clinical utility as a perioperative monitoring tool to guide decision-making, reduce flap failure risk, and improve reconstructive outcomes.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-1-2025

Notes/Citation Information

Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1364/BOE.573315

Archival?

Archival

Repository Citation

Haratbar, Samaneh Rabienia; Hamedi, Fatemeh; Mohtasebi, Mehrana; Fathi, Faraneh; Akbari, Faezeh; Singh, Dara; Xuhui, L. I.U.; Chen, Li; Wong, Lesley; Chen, Lei; and Yu, Guoqiang, "Noncontact diffuse optical imaging of blood flow and oxygenation distributions in reconstructive rat skin flaps" (2025). Surgery Faculty Publications. 76.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/surgery_facpub/76