Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5704

Date Available

5-1-2026

Year of Publication

2025

Document Type

Doctoral Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

College

Health Sciences

Department/School/Program

Rehabilitation Sciences

Faculty

Dr. Nicholas R Heebner

Faculty

Esther Dupont-Versteegden

Abstract

Special Operations Forces (SOF) tactical training requires high levels of physical performance and psychological resilience. This training is often characterized by extreme temperatures and environments, extremely high levels of physical activity and large caloric deficits. As such, SOF personnel follow intense strength and conditioning (S&C) programs to enhance a wide range of athletic abilities. Such programs rely on a balance between training stress and recovery to allow for gradual improvement in physical ability over time, however it is unknown how to quantify tactical training stress in the context of a training program. This dissertation explores evidence related to how this tactical training stress can be conceptualized in the sport sciences to improve S&C programs.

The results of two observational studies indicate that SOF operators undergo non-functional overreaching (nFOR) as defined by a decrease in physical performance despite an increase in training stress. Over the course of a SOF unit training phase (UTP), subjects saw increased body fat (p=0.01) and poorer scores in vertical jump height (p

This work is intended to inform professional tactical S&C coaches and military commanders on best practices to screen for nFOR in active-duty military personnel and allow for appropriate interventions when possible.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2025.20

Funding Information

Office of Naval Research N00014-18-C-2025

Office of Naval Research N0004-21-1-2682

Available for download on Friday, May 01, 2026

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