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Abstract

It was hypothesized that the catalyst nanoceria can increase oxidative

stress/inflammation from the basal state and reduce it from the elevated state .

Nanoceria are cleared by macrophages. To test the hypothesis, M0 (non-polarized),

M1- (classically activated, pro-inflammatory), and M2-like (alternatively activated,

regulatory phenotype) RAW 264.7 macrophages were nanoceria exposed. Responses

were quantified by arginase activity, IL-1ß level, cell oxygen consumption rate (OCR),

the glycolysis stress test (GST), morphology determined by light microscopy,

macrophage phenotype marker expression and morphology using a novel three

dimensional immunohistochemical method, and RT-qPCR. Nanoceria blocked

arginase and IL-1ß effects, increased M0 cell OCR and GST toward the M2 phenotype

and altered multiple M1- and M2-like cell endpoints toward the M0 level. M1-like cells

had greater volume and less circularity/roundness, and the M2-like cells had greater

volume than M0 macrophages. Nanoceria converted M1- and M2-like cells toward M0

morphology. The results are overall consistent with the hypothesis.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-17-2022

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2022.102565

Funding Information

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant number R01GM109195]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health

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