Abstract
In the search for safer, non-addictive analgesics, kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists are a potential target, as unlike mu-opioid analgesics, they do not have abuse potential. Salvinorin A (SalA) is a potent and selective KOPr agonist, however, clinical utility is limited by the short duration of action and aversive side effects. Biasing KOPr signaling toward G-protein activation has been highlighted as a key cellular mechanism to reduce the side effects of KOPr agonists. The present study investigated KOPr signaling bias and the acute antinociceptive effects and side effects of two novel analogs of SalA, 16-Bromo SalA and 16-Ethynyl SalA. 16-Bromo SalA showed G-protein signaling bias, whereas 16-Ethynyl SalA displayed balanced signaling properties. In the dose-response tail-withdrawal assay, SalA, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA were more potent than the traditional KOPr agonist U50,488, and 16-Ethynyl SalA was more efficacious. 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA both had a longer duration of action in the warm water tail-withdrawal assay, and 16-Ethynyl had greater antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate assay, compared to SalA. In the intraplantar 2% formaldehyde test, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA significantly reduced both nociceptive and inflammatory pain-related behaviors. Moreover, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA had no anxiogenic effects in the marble burying task, and 16-Bromo SalA did not alter behavior in the elevated zero maze. Overall, 16-Ethynyl SalA significantly attenuated acute pain-related behaviors in multiple preclinical models, while the biased KOPr agonist, 16-Bromo SalA, displayed modest antinociceptive effects, and lacked anxiogenic effects.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-21-2020
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00765
Funding Information
This work was supported by the Health Research Council – Explorer grant (Grant Number 16/646 to BK) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant Number DA018151 to TP). KP received a doctoral scholarship from Victoria University of Wellington.
Related Content
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
Repository Citation
Paton, Kelly F.; Biggerstaff, Andrew; Kaska, Sophia; Crowley, Rachel S.; La Flamme, Anne C.; Prisinzano, Thomas E.; and Kivell, Bronwyn M., "Evaluation of Biased and Balanced Salvinorin A Analogs in Preclinical Models of Pain" (2020). Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications. 146.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ps_facpub/146
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, v. 14, article 765.
Copyright © 2020 Paton, Biggerstaff, Kaska, Crowley, La Flamme, Prisinzano and Kivell.
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