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Inadequate Sedation During Therapeutic Paralysis: Use of Bispectral Index in Critically Ill Patients
Abstract
Background Patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may experience inadequate sedation due to intrinsic limitations of behavioral sedation assessment. Bispectral index (BIS™) provides an objective measure of sedation; however, the role of BIS™ is not well defined in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).
Objective The aim of this study was to delineate the relationship between BIS™ and level of sedation for critically ill patients during therapeutic paralysis.
Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted in ICU patients receiving continuous infusion NMBA and BIS™ monitoring. The primary endpoint was the correlation of BIS™ < 60 during therapeutic paralysis with a Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) of −4 to −5 (i.e., deep or unarousable sedation) at the time of emergence from therapeutic paralysis.
Results Thirty-one patients were included in the analysis. Three of these patients (9.6 %) were inadequately sedated upon emergence from paralysis; that is, restless or agitated (RASS +1 to +2). We did not observe a correlation between BIS™ and RASS upon emergence from paralysis (r = 0.27, p = 0.14). The sensitivity of BIS™ < 60 in predicting deep sedation (RASS −5 to −4) was 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0–100) with a positive predictive value of 35.7 %. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of BIS™ < 60 in predicting light sedation or deeper (RASS −5 to −2) was 92.9 % (95 %CI 83.3–100) and 92.9 %, respectively.
Conclusion These results suggest that 1 in 10 critically ill patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may be inadequately sedated. BIS™ monitoring may serve as a useful adjunctive measure of sedation in critically ill patients receiving therapeutic paralysis.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-28-2016
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40801-016-0076-3
Funding Information
The project described was supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), through Grant #UL1 TR000002.
Repository Citation
Tasaka, Chelsea L.; Duby, Jeremiah J.; Pandya, Komal; Wilson, Machelle D.; and Hardin, Kimberly A., "Inadequate Sedation During Therapeutic Paralysis: Use of Bispectral Index in Critically Ill Patients" (2016). Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications. 31.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pps_facpub/31
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Drugs - Real World Outcomes, v. 3, issue 2, p. 201-208.
© The Author(s) 2016
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.