Abstract
Background The Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey estimated the prevalence and burden of COPD across 12 countries. Using data from this survey we evaluated the economic impact of COPD.
Methods This cross-sectional, population-based survey questioned 4,343 subjects aged 40 years and older, fulfilling a case definition of COPD based on self-reported physician diagnosis or symptomatology. Direct cost measures were based on exacerbations of COPD (treated and those requiring emergency department visits and/or hospitalisation), contacts with healthcare professionals, and COPD medications. Indirect costs were calculated from work loss values using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale. Combined direct and indirect costs estimated the total societal costs per patient.
Results The annual direct costs of COPD ranged from $504 (South Korea) to $9,981 (USA), with inpatient hospitalisations (5 countries) and home oxygen therapy (3 countries) being the key drivers of direct costs. The proportion of patients completely prevented from working due to their COPD ranged from 6% (Italy) to 52% (USA and UK) with 8 countries reporting this to be ≥20%. Total societal costs per patient varied widely from $1,721 (Russia) to $30,826 (USA) but a consistent pattern across countries showed greater costs among those with increased burden of COPD (symptoms, health status and more severe disease) and a greater number of comorbidities.
Conclusions The economic burden of COPD is considerable across countries, and requires targeted resources to optimise COPD management encompassing the control of symptoms, prevention of exacerbations and effective treatment of comorbidities. Strategies to allow COPD patients to remain in work are important for addressing the substantial wider societal costs.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-19-2016
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152618
Funding Information
This study was funded in full by GlaxoSmithKline.
Related Content
Direct access to patient-level data from the Continuing to Confront COPD International study is available upon request by contacting GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Worldwide Epidemiology (Kourtney.j.davis@gsk.com).
Repository Citation
Foo, Jason; Landis, Sarah H.; Maskell, Joe; Oh, Yeon-Mok; van der Molen, Thys; Han, MeiLan K.; Mannino, David M.; Ichinose, Masakazu; and Punekar, Yogesh, "Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey: Economic Impact of COPD in 12 Countries" (2016). Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications. 42.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pmeh_facpub/42
S1 Fig. Percentage of patients of working age reporting lost productivity due to COPD: Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey, 2012–13.
journal.pone.0152618.s002.DOCX (35 kB)
S1 Supporting Information. Table A-D.
Notes/Citation Information
Published in PLOS ONE, v. 11, no. 4, e0152618, p. 1-15.
© 2016 Foo et al.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.