Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific protein trans-activator of transcription (Tat) can contribute to the dysfunction of brain endothelial cells and HIV trafficking into the brain by disrupting tight junction (TJ) integrity at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) level. Specific TJ proteins, such as zonula occludens (ZO) proteins, localize not only at the cell–cell borders but are also present in the nuclei. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms and significance of Tat-induced nuclear localization of ZO-1. Treatment of a brain endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3 cells) with Tat resulted in a decrease in total levels of ZO-1 but significantly upregulated ZO-1 protein expression in the nuclei. In addition, exposure to Tat stimulated Rho signaling and induced phosphorylation and activity of transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), binding sites that have been identified in the proximal region of the ZO-1 promoter. Interestingly, inhibition of the Rho cascade protected against Tat-induced upregulation of ZO-1 in the nuclei and activation of CREB. Depletion of CREB by infection of cells with specific shRNA lentiviral particles attenuated both Tat-induced Rho signaling and nuclear targeting of ZO-1. A decrease in CREB levels also attenuated Tat-induced endothelial and BBB hyperpermeability as well as transendothelial migration of monocytic cells. The role of CREB in Tat-mediated alterations of ZO-1 was confirmed in brain microvessels in mice with CREB shRNA lentiviral particles injected into the cerebral circulation. The present results indicate the crucial role of Rho signaling and CREB in modulation of nuclear localization of ZO-1 and maintaining the integrity of endothelial monolayers.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-4-2012
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4266-11.2012
Funding Information
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants MH63022, MH072567, DA027569, and NS39254.
Repository Citation
Zhong, Yu; Zhang, Bei; Eum, Sung Yong; and Toborek, Michal, "HIV-1 Tat Triggers Nuclear Localization of ZO-1 via Rho Signaling and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Activation" (2012). Neurosurgery Faculty Publications. 5.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurosurgery_facpub/5
Notes/Citation Information
Published in The Journal of Neuroscience, v. 32, issue 1, p. 143-150.
Copyright © 2012 the authors
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).