Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early changes in acid/base and electrolyte concentrations could provide insights into the development of neuropathology at the onset of stroke. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte concentrations, and outcomes in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model.
METHODS: 18-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent pMCAO. Pre-, post- (7 min after occlusion), and at 72 hr of pMCAO venous blood samples provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple linear regression determined predictors of infarct and edema volumes from these values, Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between males and females at 72 hr, and a Cox regression model was used to determine predictors for mortality.
RESULTS: Analysis indicated significant differences in acid/base balance and electrolyte levels in aged rats not dependent on sex between the three time points in the pMCAO model. Changes in pH (from pre- to post and post- to 72 hr) and changes in sodium and ionized calcium (from post- to 72 hr) were predictors of infarct volume and edema volume, respectively. Cox Regression revealed there is a 3.25 times increased risk for mortality based on changes in bicarbonate (pre- to post-MCAO).
CONCLUSIONS: These early venous blood changes in acid/base balance and electrolytes can be used to predict stroke outcomes in our rat model of stroke. This study provides potential biomarkers to be examined in the human condition that could provide profound prognostic tools for stroke patients.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-2020
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24422
Funding Information
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), grant number R01 NS091146.
Related Content
The datasets analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Repository Citation
Martha, Sarah R.; Collier, Lisa A.; Davis, Stephanie M.; Goodwin, Sarah J.; Powell, David; Lukins, Doug; Fraser, Justin F.; and Pennypacker, Keith R., "Early Acid/Base and Electrolyte Changes in Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Aged Male and Female Rats" (2020). Neurosurgery Faculty Publications. 10.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurosurgery_facpub/10
Supplemental Table 5: Baseline comparisons of acid/base and electrolyte values for males and females who survived (n = 16) vs. males and females that died prior to 72 hours (n = 15)
Included in
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons, Neurology Commons, Neurosurgery Commons, Radiology Commons
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Journal of Neuroscience Research, v. 98, issue 1.
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Martha, S. R., Collier, L.A., Davis, S.M., Goodwin, S. J., Powell, D., Lukins, D., Fraser, J. F., & Pennypacker, K. R. (2020). Early acid/base and electrolyte changes in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion: Aged male and female rats. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 98(1), 179-190, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24422. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.