Abstract
Macrophages are the first line of defence against invading pathogens. They play a crucial role in immunity but also in regeneration and homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity in their phenotypes and function provides them with the ability to quickly respond to environmental changes and infection. Recent work shows that macrophages undergo cell cycle transition from a G0/terminally differentiated state to a G1 state. This G0-to-G1 transition presents a window of opportunity for HIV-1 infection. Macrophages are an important target for HIV-1 but express high levels of the deoxynucleotide-triphosphate hydrolase SAMHD1, which restricts viral DNA synthesis by decreasing levels of dNTPs. While the G0 state is non-permissive to HIV-1 infection, a G1 state is very permissive to HIV-1 infection. This is because macrophages in a G1 state switch off the antiviral restriction factor SAMHD1 by phosphorylation, thereby allowing productive HIV-1 infection. Here, we explore the macrophage cell cycle and the interplay between its regulation and permissivity to HIV-1 infection.
Document Type
Review
Publication Date
7-31-2020
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12080839
Repository Citation
Ferreira, Isabella A. T. M.; Porterfield, James Zachary; Gupta, Ravindra K.; and Mlcochova, Petra, "Cell Cycle Regulation in Macrophages and Susceptibility to HIV-1" (2020). Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications. 146.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/microbio_facpub/146
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Viruses, v. 12, issue 8, 839.
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).