Date Available

8-19-2026

Year of Publication

2024

Degree Name

Doctor of Engineering (DEng)

Document Type

Doctoral Dissertation

College

Engineering

Department/School/Program

Mechanical Engineering

First Advisor

Y. Charles Lu

Second Advisor

Fuqian Yang

Abstract

Halide perovskites have emerged as a promising class of materials for various optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, photodetectors, and lasers, owing to their exceptional photophysical properties and ease of synthesis. Lead-based halide perovskites, despite their success, raise concerns regarding environmental toxicity, necessitating the exploration of lead-free alternatives. This thesis explores the synthesis and characterization of lead-free halide perovskites, focusing on tin-based variants, using a mechanochemical approach, which eliminates the use of toxic solvents and offers a sustainable synthesis route.

By employing a solventless mechanochemical method, lead-free tin-based halide perovskite microcrystals were successfully synthesized. This approach not only ensures energy efficiency but also eliminates the risk associated with toxic solvents. The study elucidates the phase evolution during processing and demonstrates the stabilization of desired perovskite phases. Furthermore, the optical and structural stabilities of the synthesized perovskite powders are thoroughly examined, indicating their viability for scalable manufacturing processes.

Additionally, the thesis investigates the synthesis of light-emitting Sn-doped cesium halide powders through mechanochemical processing. The resulting powders exhibit broad emission spectra under UV excitation, indicating their potential application in white LED technology. The optoelectronic responses of these powders under varying conditions are characterized, underscoring their suitability for diverse optoelectronic applications.

Moreover, the thesis explores the synthesis of dual-emission CsSnI3-based powders via mechanochemical processing. These powders exhibit both visible and infrared emissions under UV and IR excitation, respectively, highlighting their versatility for applications.

Overall, this thesis significantly contributes to the advancement of environmentally friendly synthesis methods for lead-free halide perovskites. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into the optical and structural properties of these materials, paving the way for their integration into next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2024.389

Funding Information

This study was supported by the NSF grant (CBET-2018411) monitored by Dr. Nora F Savage.

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Available for download on Wednesday, August 19, 2026

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