Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit acquired weakness is a serious problem, contributing to respiratory failure and reductions in ambulation. Currently, there is no pharmacological therapy for this condition. Studies indicate, however, that both beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increase muscle function in patients with cancer and in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HMB and/or EPA administration would increase diaphragm and quadriceps strength in mechanically ventilated patients.
METHODS: Studies were performed on 83 mechanically ventilated patients who were recruited from the Medical Intensive Care Units at the University of Kentucky. Diaphragm strength was assessed as the trans-diaphragmatic pressure generated by supramaximal magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (PdiTw). Quadriceps strength was assessed as leg force generated by supramaximal magnetic femoral nerve stimulation (QuadTw). Diaphragm and quadriceps thickness were assessed by ultrasound. Baseline measurements of muscle strength and size were performed, and patients were then randomized to one of four treatment groups (placebo, HMB 3 gm/day, EPA 2 gm/day and HMB plus EPA). Strength and size measurements were repeated 11 days after study entry. ANCOVA statistical testing was used to compare variables across the four experimental groups.
RESULTS: Treatments failed to increase the strength and thickness of either the diaphragm or quadriceps when compared to placebo. In addition, treatments also failed to decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation after study entry.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a 10-day course of HMB and/or EPA does not improve skeletal muscle strength in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. These findings also confirm previous reports that diaphragm and leg strength in these patients are profoundly low. Additional studies will be needed to examine the effects of other anabolic agents and innovative forms of physical therapy.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01270516. Registered 5 January 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01270516?term=Supinski&draw=2&rank=4.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-26-2021
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-021-03737-9
Funding Information
This work was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute R01HL113494 and R01HL141356 and the Department of Veterans Affairs 5I01BX002132. All funding bodies supported the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.
Related Content
Summaries of the datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available for review at ClinicalTrials.gov and can be accessed at the following address: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01270516?term=Supinski&draw=2&rank=4. The raw datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Repository Citation
Supinski, Gerald S.; Netzel, Paul F.; Westgate, Philip M.; Schroder, Elizabeth A.; Wang, Lin; and Callahan, Leigh Ann, "A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine Whether Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate and/or Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Diaphragm and Quadriceps Strength in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients" (2021). Internal Medicine Faculty Publications. 259.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/internalmedicine_facpub/259
Additional file 1: Detailed methods
13054_2021_3737_MOESM2_ESM.docx (36 kB)
Additional file 2: Detailed subject information
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Critical Care, v. 25, issue 1, article no. 308.
© The Author(s) 2021
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