Description
Utilizing summer annuals is often regarded as “a breakeven proposition at best” due to high establishment costs. This study investigated using botanical diversity to increase forage yield or animal performance to improve the economic feasibility of grazing summer annual forages in western Kentucky, USA. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor spp. drummondii)-based treatments included a monoculture, a three-species mixture (two grasses, one legume), and a 12-species mixture (five grasses, four legumes, two brassicas, and one forb). Angus-cross yearling beef calves (329, 366, and 297 kg in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively) grazed summer annuals in 2017-2019 for an average of 40 days each year without supplementation. Pastures were stocked when forage was approximately 1 m tall and calves were removed when forage was 2-2.5 m tall (seedheads present). In all years, forage dry matter yield was not different between treatments (p > 0.85) and both mixtures were dominated by sorghum-sudangrass. In 2017 (p < 0.03) and 2019 (p < 0.03), calves grazing the 12-species mixture had lower average daily gains (ADG) than the monoculture and 3-species mixture, while there was no difference in 2018 (p > 0.3). Average daily gains were suboptimal for stocker calves in all years (0.75, 0.01, 0.54 kg day-1 in 2017, 2018, and 2019). The extremely low ADG in 2018 was likely a result of stocking pastures late in the season when grasses were at physiological maturity. Additional species increased seed cost but did not contribute significantly to forage production and did not result in increased animal production. Unless greater forage yield or livestock gains are attained, planting mixtures may not provide any economic benefit. However, adjusting seeding rates to favor less dominant species may provide a more accurate representation of species diversity manipulation effects on forage and livestock production.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.13023/3mbn-5542
Citation
Mercier, K.; Teutsch, Christopher D.; Smith, S. R.; Burdine, K. H.; Vanzant, E. S.; and Ritchey, E. L., "Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Diverse Summer Annual Swards" (2024). IGC Proceedings (1993-2023). 41.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/XXV_IGC_2023/Livestock/41
Included in
Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, Plant Pathology Commons, Soil Science Commons, Weed Science Commons
Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Diverse Summer Annual Swards
Utilizing summer annuals is often regarded as “a breakeven proposition at best” due to high establishment costs. This study investigated using botanical diversity to increase forage yield or animal performance to improve the economic feasibility of grazing summer annual forages in western Kentucky, USA. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor spp. drummondii)-based treatments included a monoculture, a three-species mixture (two grasses, one legume), and a 12-species mixture (five grasses, four legumes, two brassicas, and one forb). Angus-cross yearling beef calves (329, 366, and 297 kg in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively) grazed summer annuals in 2017-2019 for an average of 40 days each year without supplementation. Pastures were stocked when forage was approximately 1 m tall and calves were removed when forage was 2-2.5 m tall (seedheads present). In all years, forage dry matter yield was not different between treatments (p > 0.85) and both mixtures were dominated by sorghum-sudangrass. In 2017 (p < 0.03) and 2019 (p < 0.03), calves grazing the 12-species mixture had lower average daily gains (ADG) than the monoculture and 3-species mixture, while there was no difference in 2018 (p > 0.3). Average daily gains were suboptimal for stocker calves in all years (0.75, 0.01, 0.54 kg day-1 in 2017, 2018, and 2019). The extremely low ADG in 2018 was likely a result of stocking pastures late in the season when grasses were at physiological maturity. Additional species increased seed cost but did not contribute significantly to forage production and did not result in increased animal production. Unless greater forage yield or livestock gains are attained, planting mixtures may not provide any economic benefit. However, adjusting seeding rates to favor less dominant species may provide a more accurate representation of species diversity manipulation effects on forage and livestock production.
