Presenter Information

W F. Hunt, DSIR

Publication Date

1989

Location

Nice France

Description

Pasture grazing managements have clearly identifiable effects on plant morphology, density and species composition. Typ­ically, swards grazed continuously by sheep have relatively high populations of relatively small perennial ryegrass tillers while rotationally grazed swards contain rather fewer large/ tillers (Chapman and Clark 1984, Suckling 1959, Mitchelle and Glen­day 1958, Collet et al., 1981). Generally, more severe defoli­ations are associated with greater tiller densities (Davies 1977). Management induced increases in tiller populations of per­ennial pastures are possible because plants tiller freely when competition for light is reduced by herbage removal (Hunt and Field 1978). If left undisturbed, tiller density is finally deter­mined by self-thinning and tiller size in accordance with the 3/2 power law (Kays and Harper 1974). Where intense competition for light does occur, such as in infrequently defoliated swards in spring (Ong 1978b), reductions in population density are achieved at the expense of the smallest tillers, they being the first to die (Ong 1978a). Studies of the interaction between grazing management and tiller dynamics, must focus on differences in rates of tiller pro­duction and loss as the initial cause of divergence in tiller den­sity. Parsons et al. (1984) suggest higher tiller densities occur in continuously stocked swards because the faster growing tillers w��ich could potentially eliminate their slower growing neighbours are inhibited from doing so because the faster growing tillers are the ones defoliated most frequently. This paper reports on a study in which the rates of pro­duction and loss of grass tiller and clover buds under three sheep grazing management systems was closely monitored with the objective of identify mechanisms whereby grazing manage­ment determines population density.

Share

COinS
 

Grazing Management Effects on Perennial Ryegrass and White Clover Triller Populations

Nice France

Pasture grazing managements have clearly identifiable effects on plant morphology, density and species composition. Typ­ically, swards grazed continuously by sheep have relatively high populations of relatively small perennial ryegrass tillers while rotationally grazed swards contain rather fewer large/ tillers (Chapman and Clark 1984, Suckling 1959, Mitchelle and Glen­day 1958, Collet et al., 1981). Generally, more severe defoli­ations are associated with greater tiller densities (Davies 1977). Management induced increases in tiller populations of per­ennial pastures are possible because plants tiller freely when competition for light is reduced by herbage removal (Hunt and Field 1978). If left undisturbed, tiller density is finally deter­mined by self-thinning and tiller size in accordance with the 3/2 power law (Kays and Harper 1974). Where intense competition for light does occur, such as in infrequently defoliated swards in spring (Ong 1978b), reductions in population density are achieved at the expense of the smallest tillers, they being the first to die (Ong 1978a). Studies of the interaction between grazing management and tiller dynamics, must focus on differences in rates of tiller pro­duction and loss as the initial cause of divergence in tiller den­sity. Parsons et al. (1984) suggest higher tiller densities occur in continuously stocked swards because the faster growing tillers w��ich could potentially eliminate their slower growing neighbours are inhibited from doing so because the faster growing tillers are the ones defoliated most frequently. This paper reports on a study in which the rates of pro­duction and loss of grass tiller and clover buds under three sheep grazing management systems was closely monitored with the objective of identify mechanisms whereby grazing manage­ment determines population density.