Archived
This content is available here strictly for research, reference, and/or recordkeeping and as such it may not be fully accessible. If you work or study at University of Kentucky and would like to request an accessible version, please use the SensusAccess Document Converter.
Publication Date
1981
Description
Early identification of geographic regions providing high and consistent seed yields for species of interest, especially legumes, would be very advantageous. Our objectives were (1) to identify potential seed yield and the principal determinants thereof for a range of species, (2) to determine progressively the relative seed-production potential of distinct geographic regions, and (3) to stimulate emphasis upon seed-production issues within pasture programs. Eight grass and legume species, either promising accessions or local cultivars, were established in replicated pure stands at five locations. Compound fertilizers were applied, including nitrogen for the grasses. Seed was harvested once each time a seed crop matured. Weight of clean dry seed was recorded, and a purity estimation was made. Observat:ions were made upon phenology and problematic weeds, diseases, and insects. Data are available for the first 2 years of the field experiment. Maximum annual seed yield (kg/ha) and multiplication rate (ha/yr) were recorded, respectively, as follows: Desmodium ovalifolium CIA T 350, 220 and 73; Pueraria phaseoloides common kudzu, 135 and 34; Stylosanthes capitata, average of CIAT 1315 and 1405, 962 and 190; Zornia latifolia CIAT 728, 680 and 170; Andropogon gayanus CIAT 621, 143 and 70; Brachiaria decumbens. cv. Basilisk, 366 and 146; Brachiaria humidicola common, 400 and 160; Panicum maximum cv. Petrie, 263 and 88.
Determinants of potential seed yield recorded during 1979 and 1980 were (1) temporal weed dominance, (2) lack of per sistence, (3) failure to flower, (4) reduced vegetative and reproductive vigor, (5) mismanagement, and (6) reduced genetic purity of native plant populations of Zornia spp. at two locations. S. capitata CIAT 1405 was killed by anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) at Brasilia. D. ovalifolium and D. phaseoloides did not flower in 1979 at Brasilia and Felixlandia because of moisture stress before induction. Diseases such as anthracnose and sphaceloma scab and root-knot nematode affected S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and D. ovalifolium, respectively, while Urocystis and Ustilago spp. affected D. decumbens and P. maximum. Prolonged high soil moisture caused sparse flowering in P. phaseoloides, and moisture stress had a similar effect on D. ovalifolium. Some established stands of A. gayanus, when fertilized with nitrogen but without a preflowering cut, lodged after flowering.
The biological potential for seed production in each region appears favorable for particular species only, e.g., Brasilia, Z. latifolia and all four grasses; Chimore, D. ovalifolium; Felixlandia, S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and three grasses; Quilichao, S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and A. gayanus; Sete Lagoas, S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and three grasses. These initial results will assist researchers and producers to optimize localization and management of future production efforts with these relatively unknown species.
Citation
Ferguson, J E.; Thomas, D; De Andrade, R P.; Souza COsta, N; and Jutzi, S, "Seed Production Potentials of Eight Tropical Pasture Species in Regions of Latin America" (1981). IGC Proceedings (1981-2023). 9.
(URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/1981/section2/9)
Included in
Agricultural Science Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, Plant Pathology Commons, Soil Science Commons, Weed Science Commons
Seed Production Potentials of Eight Tropical Pasture Species in Regions of Latin America
Early identification of geographic regions providing high and consistent seed yields for species of interest, especially legumes, would be very advantageous. Our objectives were (1) to identify potential seed yield and the principal determinants thereof for a range of species, (2) to determine progressively the relative seed-production potential of distinct geographic regions, and (3) to stimulate emphasis upon seed-production issues within pasture programs. Eight grass and legume species, either promising accessions or local cultivars, were established in replicated pure stands at five locations. Compound fertilizers were applied, including nitrogen for the grasses. Seed was harvested once each time a seed crop matured. Weight of clean dry seed was recorded, and a purity estimation was made. Observat:ions were made upon phenology and problematic weeds, diseases, and insects. Data are available for the first 2 years of the field experiment. Maximum annual seed yield (kg/ha) and multiplication rate (ha/yr) were recorded, respectively, as follows: Desmodium ovalifolium CIA T 350, 220 and 73; Pueraria phaseoloides common kudzu, 135 and 34; Stylosanthes capitata, average of CIAT 1315 and 1405, 962 and 190; Zornia latifolia CIAT 728, 680 and 170; Andropogon gayanus CIAT 621, 143 and 70; Brachiaria decumbens. cv. Basilisk, 366 and 146; Brachiaria humidicola common, 400 and 160; Panicum maximum cv. Petrie, 263 and 88.
Determinants of potential seed yield recorded during 1979 and 1980 were (1) temporal weed dominance, (2) lack of per sistence, (3) failure to flower, (4) reduced vegetative and reproductive vigor, (5) mismanagement, and (6) reduced genetic purity of native plant populations of Zornia spp. at two locations. S. capitata CIAT 1405 was killed by anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) at Brasilia. D. ovalifolium and D. phaseoloides did not flower in 1979 at Brasilia and Felixlandia because of moisture stress before induction. Diseases such as anthracnose and sphaceloma scab and root-knot nematode affected S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and D. ovalifolium, respectively, while Urocystis and Ustilago spp. affected D. decumbens and P. maximum. Prolonged high soil moisture caused sparse flowering in P. phaseoloides, and moisture stress had a similar effect on D. ovalifolium. Some established stands of A. gayanus, when fertilized with nitrogen but without a preflowering cut, lodged after flowering.
The biological potential for seed production in each region appears favorable for particular species only, e.g., Brasilia, Z. latifolia and all four grasses; Chimore, D. ovalifolium; Felixlandia, S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and three grasses; Quilichao, S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and A. gayanus; Sete Lagoas, S. capitata, Z. latifolia, and three grasses. These initial results will assist researchers and producers to optimize localization and management of future production efforts with these relatively unknown species.
