Abstract
Background
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents the most severe form of peripheral artery disease and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Contemporary data comparing the sex differences in trends, revascularization strategies, and in-hospital outcomes among patients with CLI are scarce.
Methods and Results
Using the National Inpatient Sample database years 2002 to 2015, we identified hospitalizations for CLI. Temporal trends for hospitalizations for CLI were evaluated. The differences in demographics, revascularization, and in‐hospital outcomes between both sexes were compared. Among 2 400 778 CLI hospitalizations, 43.6% were women. Women were older and had a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, heart failure, and prior stroke. Women were also less likely to receive any revascularization (34.7% versus 35.4%, P< 0.001), but the trends of revascularization have been increasing among both sexes. Revascularization was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality among women (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71–0.81) and men (adjusted OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.65–0.73). On multivariable analysis adjusting for patient‐ and hospital‐related characteristics as well as revascularization, women had a higher incidence of in‐hospital mortality, postoperative hemorrhage, need for blood transfusion, postoperative infection, ischemic stroke, and discharge to facilities compared with men.
Conclusions
In this nationwide contemporary analysis of CLI hospitalizations, women were older and less likely to undergo revascularization. Women had a higher incidence of in‐hospital mortality and bleeding complications compared with men. Sex‐specific studies and interventions are needed to minimize these gaps among this high‐risk population.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-17-2021
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.121.022043
Funding Information
Open Access funding was provided by the Qatar National Library.
Repository Citation
Elbadawi, Ayman; Barssoum, Kirolos; Megaly, Michael; Rai, Devesh; Elsherbeeny, Ahmed; Mansoor, Hend; Shishehbor, Mehdi H.; Abdel-Latif, Ahmed K.; Gulati, Martha; and Elgendy, Islam Y., "Sex Differences in Trends and In-Hospital Outcomes among Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia: A Nationwide Analysis" (2021). Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications. 31.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/heart_facpub/31
Supplemental material
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Journal of the American Heart Association, v. 10, issue 18.
© 2021 The Authors
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.