Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4051-2094

Date Available

12-4-2025

Year of Publication

2025

Document Type

Doctoral Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

College

Education

Department/School/Program

Educational Leadership Studies

Faculty

John B. Nash

Abstract

This dissertation examined the relationship between lifetime exposure to superhero comic book media and attitudes toward diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Drawing on theories of identity formation—transitional objects, parasocial relationships, and cultivation theory—it investigated whether engagement with superhero narratives predicted DEI attitudes. Using quantitative methods, data from 499 U.S. adults were collected via Qualtrics. Two instruments were used: the Lifetime Superhero Comic Book Media Exposure Scale (LSES) and the Intolerant Schema Measure (ISM), which assessed prejudice across race, gender, sexuality, class, age, and religion. Multiple linear regression revealed that superhero media exposure significantly predicted ISM scores (B = 0.118, R² = 0.098), indicating that higher exposure correlated with less favorable DEI attitudes. Despite progressive themes, unguided consumption appeared to reinforce dominant ideologies. The study emphasized the need for intentional, critical pedagogical approaches to harness superhero narratives as tools for DEI education. It highlighted the role of symbolic and transformational leadership in fostering reflective, action-oriented curricula amid anti-DEI climates. Contributing rare quantitative evidence to comic studies, this research underscored that superhero comics can advance DEI only when embedded within purposefully designed educational frameworks.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2025.523

Funding Information

This study was supported by the Arvle and Ellen Turner Thacker Research Fund in 2025.

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