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Abstract
Replacement of conventional high-power appliances including heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) and resistive electric water heaters (EWHs) with heat pumps is expected to be implemented long-term to increase energy efficiency. Even with efficiency upgrades, future residential power demand may rise due to increasing electric vehicle (EV) penetration. Extensive experimental data from field demonstrators and regional utilities as well as thousands of synthetically generated loads are utilized to investigate the effect of heat pumps, EV charging, and distributed solar PV on residential power demand and distribution transformers. Values are established for typical rating distribution and connection to multiple houses to study and quantify the impact seen by residential transformers with load and diversity factor calculations. At the residence level, uncontrolled EV charging on a circuit with 100% heat pump water heater (HPWH) penetration significantly decreased average load factor across all transformer ratings, decreased average diversity factor for transformers rated 75kVA and higher, and caused more frequent transformer overload.
Document Type
Conference Proceeding
Publication Date
Fall 10-2024
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1109/ECCE55643.2024.10861538
Repository Citation
Poore, Steven B.; Alden, Rosemary E.; Rooney, Timothy; and Ionel, Dan M., "New Loads and Service Factors for Distribution Transformers Following the Transition to High-Efficiency Heat Pumps, Solar PV, and EV Charging" (2024). Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research. 8.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_gradpub/8
Notes/Citation Information
Poore, S. B., Alden, R. E., Rooney, T., and Ionel, D. M., "New Loads and Service Factors for Distribution Transformers Following the Transition to High-Efficiency Heat Pumps, Solar PV, and EV Charging," Proceedings, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Expo (ECCE), Phoenix, AZ, doi: 10.1109/ECCE55643.2024.10861538, 6p (Oct 2024)