Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-2501

Date Available

7-15-2027

Year of Publication

2025

Document Type

Doctoral Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

College

Communication and Information

Department/School/Program

Communication

Faculty

Nicky Lewis

Faculty

Renee Kaufmann

Abstract

Background: Message sensations are commonly used to capture attention, but their impact on learning remains underexplored.

Objective: This dissertation (1) proposes Dual-System Processing of Mediated Messages (DPMM) to explain how message sensations influence memory through affective and cognitive routes, and (2) tests its application in a health education context.

Methods: A multi-phase study used multimedia naloxone educational materials. Phase 1 (Spring 2024) involved expert panel meetings to inform video and survey development. Phase 2 (Summer 2024) was a nationwide online pilot (n = 189) with U.S. college students to refine content and select a death-related image. Phase 3 (Fall 2024) was an in-person experiment (n = 603) testing the effects of death imagery, sound effects, and animation on memory and knowledge improvement.

Results: Four findings guided by the DPMM emerged. (1) Death imagery and sound effects increased message sensation value. (2) Matching message sensation value with the need for activation enhanced encoding and retrieval. (3) The need for cognition moderated the cognitive demand–memory association, but contrary to predictions. (4) Memory retrieval improved naloxone knowledge.

Conclusions: The DPMM offers insights into effective health communication strategies, particularly in opioid overdose prevention and broader science communication efforts.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2025.267

Available for download on Thursday, July 15, 2027

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