Author ORCID Identifier
Date Available
5-5-2025
Year of Publication
2023
Document Type
Doctoral Dissertation
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
College
Communication and Information
Department/School/Program
Communication
Advisor
Dr. Brandi Frisby
Abstract
This dissertation examines instructor relational messages during office hours. Office hours are one of the few pedological tools where instructors can engage with their students outside the classroom. Office hours, in general, are widely adopted at many US higher education institutions, yet the context is under-researched and, thus, worthy of exploration. According to rhetorical and relational goals theory (Mottet et al., 2006), some students prefer building relationships with their instructors; others prefer task-focused interactions. To acknowledge the students' relational needs while also addressing students’ academic concerns, instructors could employ instructor immediacy behaviors to achieve simultaneous goals. A 2 x 2 experiment was conducted in which instructor nonverbal and verbal immediacy behaviors were manipulated in a typical professor's office setting to examine causal links with student communication satisfaction, state motivation, student affective experience, and recall. First, results revealed that participants exposed to high levels of nonverbal and verbal immediacy conditions were the most satisfied, motivated, and had higher levels of affective experience. Second, this dissertation provides novel empirical support for the first proposition of RRGT (Mottet et al., 2006) while gaining support for several other propositions of the theory. Third, this research contributes to the limited out-of-class communication (OCC) literature (Goldman et al., 2016) using an experimental design in the office hours context. Fourth, this research expands the concept of OCC to incorporate relational messages while also expanding the field of immediacy research to encompass the OCC context.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2023.144
Funding Information
- UNITE RPA Predoctoral Research Fellow 2022-2023
- Lyman T. Johnson Fellow 2020-2023
Recommended Citation
Tristan, Adam, "The Influence of Instructor Immediacy Beyond the Classroom: An Experimental Investigation of Relational Messages During Office Hours" (2023). Theses and Dissertations--Communication. 125.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/125
Included in
Interpersonal and Small Group Communication Commons, Other Communication Commons, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Commons
