Tailoring crystallization kinetics for scalable and efficient large-area perovskite light-emitting diodes

Authors

• Sung Doo Baek, Purdue University
• Yuanhao Tang, Purdue University
• Hyuntae Choi, Purdue University
• Shang Jiang, Purdue University
• Qixuan Hu, Purdue University
• Yu Ting Yang, Purdue University
• Hanjun Yang, Purdue University
• Wenzhan Xu, Purdue University
• Kyu Yoon, Purdue University
• Devansh Drolia, Purdue University
• Limei Wang, Purdue University
• Syed Joy, University of Kentucky
• Su Hye Jeong, Sungshin Women's University
• Gangsan Lee, Purdue University
• Vivek Narsimhan, Purdue University
• Kenneth R. Graham, University of KentuckyFollow
• Jeffrey T. Miller, Purdue University
• Jianguo Mei, Purdue University
• Yoon Ho Lee, Purdue UniversityFollow
• Letian Dou, Purdue UniversityFollow

Abstract

Scalable fabrication of uniform perovskite films is a critical bottleneck for large-area perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), hindered by coffee-ring formation and heterogeneous crystallization upon scaling. Here, we report a multimodal solvent-engineering strategy enabling highly uniform films via ambient blade coating combined with vacuum-assisted solvent evaporation. Incorporating N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetonitrile (ACN) into a dimethylformamide (DMF)-based system synergistically modulates evaporation dynamics: It suppresses macroscopic solute segregation through Marangoni flow-induced redistribution, while tuning precursor coordination to regulate nucleation/phase conversion and promote radiatively efficient film formation. Consequently, the ternary formulation yields films with improved uniformity, reduced trap densities, and enhanced radiative efficiency. Near-infrared (NIR) PeLEDs achieve peak external quantum efficiencies of 25.2% (10 mm²), 22.1% (60 mm²), and 19.0% (224 mm²). A functional vein-imaging prototype is also demonstrated using a 224-mm² device, highlighting the impact for large-area optoelectronic applications.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-3-2026

Notes/Citation Information

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2026 the Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. no claim to original U.S. Government Works. distributed under a creative commons Attribution license 4.0 (cc BY).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1126/sciadv.aef3336

Archival?

Archival

Repository Citation

Baek, Sung Doo; Tang, Yuanhao; Choi, Hyuntae; Jiang, Shang; Hu, Qixuan; Yang, Yu Ting; Yang, Hanjun; Xu, Wenzhan; Yoon, Kyu; Drolia, Devansh; Wang, Limei; Joy, Syed; Jeong, Su Hye; Lee, Gangsan; Narsimhan, Vivek; Graham, Kenneth R.; Miller, Jeffrey T.; Mei, Jianguo; Lee, Yoon Ho; and Dou, Letian, "Tailoring crystallization kinetics for scalable and efficient large-area perovskite light-emitting diodes" (2026). Chemistry Faculty Publications. 230.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_facpub/230