Abstract
Skeletal co-morbidities in type 1 diabetes include an increased risk for fracture and delayed fracture healing, which are intertwined with disease duration and the presence of other diabetic complications. As such, chronic hyperglycemia is undoubtedly a major contributor to these outcomes, despite standard insulin-replacement therapy. Therefore, using the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia in DBA/2J male mice, we compared the effects of two glucose lowering therapies on the fracture resistance of bone and markers of bone turnover. Twelve week-old diabetic (DM) mice were treated for 9 weeks with: 1) oral canagliflozin (CANA, dose range ~10-16 mg/kg/day), an inhibitor of the renal sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2); 2) subcutaneous insulin, via minipump (INS, 0.125 units/day); 3) co-therapy (CANA + INS); or 4) no treatment (STZ, without therapy). These groups were also compared to non-diabetic control groups. Untreated diabetic mice experienced increased bone resorption and significant deficits in cortical and trabecular bone that contributed to structural weakness of the femur mid-shaft and the lumbar vertebra, as determined by three-point bending and compression tests, respectively. Treatment with either canagliflozin or insulin alone only partially rectified hyperglycemia and the diabetic bone phenotype. However, when used in combination, normalization of glycemic control was achieved, and a prevention of the DM-related deterioration in bone microarchitecture and bone strength occurred, due to additive effects of canagliflozin and insulin. Nevertheless, CANA-treated mice, whether diabetic or non-diabetic, demonstrated an increase in urinary calcium loss; FGF23 was also increased in CANA-treated DM mice. These findings could herald ongoing bone mineral losses following CANA exposure, suggesting that certain CANA-induced skeletal consequences might detract from therapeutic improvements in glycemic control, as they relate to diabetic bone disease.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-2017
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.026
Funding Information
This work was supported by grants from the Children’s University Medical Group Fund of the Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI; to K.M.T.), the Arkansas Biosciences Institute (to J.L.F.), and in part by National Institutes of Health Grants R01DK055653 (to J.L.F.), R21AR070620 (to K.M.T and J.S.N.) and C06RR16517 (to ACHRI), as well as the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development 1I01BX001018 (to J.S.N.). Additional funding was provided by the University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Endowment.
Related Content
Refer to Web version on PubMed Central for supplementary material.
Repository Citation
Thrailkill, Kathryn M.; Nyman, Jeffry S.; Bunn, R. Clay; Uppuganti, Sasidhar; Thompson, Katherine L.; Lumpkin, Charles K.; Kalaitzoglou, Evangelia; and Fowlkes, John L., "The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors, Compared with Insulin, on Diabetic Bone Disease in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes" (2017). Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Faculty Publications. 6.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/diabetes_facpub/6
Supplementary Material
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Bone, v. 94, p. 141-151.
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
This manuscript version is made available under the CC‐BY‐NC‐ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
The document available for download is the author's post-peer-review final draft of the article.