Abstract
The global prevalence of drug resistance has created an urgent need for the discovery of novel anti-infective drugs. The major source of antibiotics in current clinical practice is terrestrial actinobacteria; the less-exploited deep-sea actinobacteria may serve as an unprecedented source of novel natural products. In this study, we evaluated 50 actinobacteria strains derived from diverse deep water sponges and environmental niches for their anti-microbial activities against a panel of pathogens including Candida albicans, Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. More than half of the tested strains (27) were identified as active in at least one assay. The rare earth salt lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) was shown to be as an effective elicitor. Among the 27 strains, the anti-microbial activity of 15 were induced or enhanced by the addition of LaCl3. This part of study focused on one strain R818, in which potent antifungal activity was induced by the addition of LaCl3. We found that the LaCl3-activated metabolites in R818 are likely antimycin-type compounds. One of them, compound 1, has been purified. Spectroscopic analyses including HR-MS and 1D NMR indicated that this compound is urauchimycin D. The antifungal activity of compound 1 was confirmed with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL; the purified compound also showed a moderate activity against C. difficile. Additional notable strains are: strain N217 which showed both antifungal and antibacterial (including P. aeruginosa) activities and strain M864 which showed potent activity against C. difficile with an MIC value (0.125 μg/mL) lower than those of vancomycin and metronidazole. Our preliminary studies show that deep-sea actinobacteria is a promising source of anti-infective natural products.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-30-2018
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00787
Funding Information
This research has been supported by a faculty start-up package provide by the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Foundation to GW and in part by National Institutes of Health grants R21CA209189 to GW and K01-DK092352, R21-AI113470, R03-DK112004, and R01-AI132711 to XS.
Related Content
The Supplementary Material (Bioprospecting Deep-Sea Actinobacteria for Novel Anti-infective Natural Products) for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00787/full#supplementary-material
Repository Citation
Xu, Dongbo; Han, Linna; Li, Chunhui; Cao, Qi; Zhu, Duolong; Barrett, Nolan H.; Harmody, Dedra; Chen, Jing; Zhu, Haining; McCarthy, Peter J.; Sun, Xingmin; and Wang, Guojun, "Bioprospecting Deep-Sea Actinobacteria for Novel Anti-Infective Natural Products" (2018). Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications. 142.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biochem_facpub/142
Bioprospecting Deep-Sea Actinobacteria for Novel Anti-infective Natural Products
Included in
Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons, Bacteriology Commons, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Medical Microbiology Commons, Microbial Physiology Commons
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 9, 787, p. 1-9.
© 2018 Xu, Han, Li, Cao, Zhu, Barrett, Harmody, Chen, Zhu, McCarthy, Sun and Wang.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.