Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consisting of interfacial two- and three-dimensional heterostructures that incorporate ammonium ligand intercalation have enabled rapid progress toward the goal of uniting performance with stability. However, as the field continues to seek ever-higher durability, additional tools that avoid progressive ligand intercalation are needed to minimize degradation at high temperatures. We used ammonium ligands that are nonreactive with the bulk of perovskites and investigated a library that varies ligand molecular structure systematically. We found that fluorinated aniliniums offer interfacial passivation and simultaneously minimize reactivity with perovskites. Using this approach, we report a certified quasi–steady-state power-conversion efficiency of 24.09% for inverted-structure PSCs. In an encapsulated device operating at 85°C and 50% relative humidity, we document a 1560-hour T85 at maximum power point under 1-sun illumination.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

7-2023

Notes/Citation Information

Copyright © 2023 the authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original US government works. https://www.science.org/ about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi4107

Funding Information

This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (grant N00014-20-1-2572). This work was supported in part by Ontario Research Fund: Research Excellence program (ORF7-Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario Research Fund: Research Excellence Round 7). This work was also supported under award OSR-CRG2020-4350.2. S.M.P., H.R.A., and K.R.G. gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the EPSCoR program, under award DE-SC0018208 for XPS measurements. K.R.R., Z.C., J.T.P., C.M.R., and K.R.G. acknowledge funding from the NSF through Cooperative Agreement 1849213. Supercomputing resources on the Lipscomb High Performance Computing Cluster were provided by the University of Kentucky Information Technology Department and Center for Computational Sciences (CCS). M.W. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 101026353. T.W. and A.A. acknowledge the support of the NSF under award ECCS-1936527. A.A. acknowledges partial support by the Office of Naval Research under award N00014-20- 1-2573. This work made use of the NUFAB and Keck-II facilities of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN, and Northwestern’s MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139).

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