Abstract

Few studies have examined the water quality impact of manure use in no-tillage systems. A lysimeter study in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) was performed on Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Paleudalf) to evaluate the effect(s) of tillage (no-till [NT] and chisel-disk [CD]), nitrogen fertilizer rate (0 and 168 kg N ha−1), and dairy manure application timing (none, spring, fall, or fall plus spring) on NO3–N, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), and alachlor [2-chloro-2′-6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] concentrations in leachate collected at a 90-cm depth. Herbicides were highest immediately after application, declining to less than 4 μg L−1 in about two months. Manure and manure timing by tillage interactions had little effect on leachate herbicides; rather, the data suggest that macropores rapidly transmitted atrazine and alachlor through the soil. Tillage usually did not significantly affect leachate NO3–N, but no-tillage tended to cause higher NO3–N. Manuring caused higher NO3–N concentrations; spring manuring had more impact than fall, but fall manure contained about 78% of the N found in spring manure. Nitrate under spring “only fertilizer” treatment exceeded 10 mg L−138% of the time, compared with 15% for spring only manure treatment. After three years, manured soil leachate NO3–N exceeded that for soil receiving only N fertilizer. Soil profile (90 cm) NO3–N after corn harvest exceeding 22 kg N ha−1 was associated with winter leachate NO3–N greater than 10 mg N L−1 Manure can be used effectively in conservation tillage systems on this and similar soils. Accounting for all N inputs, including previous manure applications, will be important.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

7-2005

Notes/Citation Information

Published in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 34, no. 4, p. 1354-1362.

The copyright holder has granted the permission for posting the article here.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0226

Share

COinS