Publication Date

1989

Description

There are about 60 million ha. of rangelands available for livestock in Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region. In the great vast area of rangelands there are 4 rather large sandy rangelands: 1) the Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland; 2) the Kerching Sandy Rangeland ; 3) the Hunshandak Sandy Rangeland ; and 4) the Maowoos Sandy Rangeland. Their total area covers about 20.8 million ha and accounts for more than 1/3 of that available in N. M. A. R.

The Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland located in the northeast part of N. M.A. R. - N 47° 40'-50°12' E 118°3!'-121°03' 355 km in width, 511 km in length, 6.7 m'illion ha in acreage: 550-700 m above sea level; annual rainfall 300-320 mm; 10°C accumulated temperature l 700-2270°C ; frost-free period 130-140 days; annual daylight 2691-2763 hr .. The vegetation there mainly consists of thin woods of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica bushes of Lespedeza spp., Cory/us heterophylla, and Pteridiuma quilium, var. taliusculum, Stipa baicalensis, Agropyron cri­statum, Roegneria spp. and the like. The coverage of the veg­etation reaches to 30 %, somewhere even to 50 %. Generally, there are some 3.9 million sheep equivalent units grazing there in the cold season. The Kerching Sandy Rangeland situated in the east part of N. M. A. R. - N 42°41'-45°15', E 118°35'-123°30'; width 345 km; length 514 km. The topology there declines gently from west to east, and the elevation from 650 m in the west to 150 m in the east. Its acreage mounts to some 3.4 million ha, annual rainfall 300-450 mm ; 10°C accumulated temperature 3000-3160°C; frost-free days 140-150; annual daylight 2858-2994 hr. The vegetation there always consists of Salix jlavida, Armeniaca sibirica, Caragana microphylla, Artemisia halodren­dren, Lespedeza spp., Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and so on. The coverage of the vegetation usually reaches to 20 40 %. There are some 4.1 million sheep equivalent units grazing there in the cold season. The Hunshandak Sandy Rangeland lies in the north part of N. M. A. R. - N 40°58'-46°46', E 113°28'-119°55'; width 241 km; length 414 km, acreage 6.9 million ha., elevation 100 m more or less, annual rainfall 320-380 mm, 10°C accumulated temperature 1800-2250°C, frost-free period 100-130 days, annual daylight 2855-2997 hr .. The vegetation of it always consists of thin woods of Ulmus spp., and Hedysarum mongolicum, Caragana spp., Achnatherum splendens, Stipa breviflora, Agropyron cristatum, A. mongolicum and so forth.

The coverage of the vegetation is 30-50 %. There are about 6 million sheep equivalent units grazing there in the cold season. The Moawoos Sandy Rangeland stretches from the south part of N. M. A. R. - N 37°37'-40°52', E 106°35'-109°40'; 262 km from north to south, and 297 km from east to west, 2.8 million ha in acreage, 990-1050 m above sea level, annual rainfall 200-400 mm, 10°C accumulated temperature 2800-3600°C, frost-free period 140-165 days, annual daylight 2900-3200 hr.. The vegetation there mainly consists of Rhamnus spp., Salix jlavida and S. cheilophila, Caragana korshinskii, Artemi­sia ordosica, A. sphaerocephala, Pegionium cornatum, Psammochloa, villosa, Agriphyllum arenarium, Stipa krylovii, S. glareosa, Agropyron desertorum, etc. There are about 4.15 mil­lion sheep equivalent units grazing on it in the cold season. There are about 43 millions livestock raised by the nomadic people in N. M. A. R. - 4.1 million of cattle, more than 2 mil­lion horses, 0.3 million camels, some 27 million sheep, 8.1 mil­lion goats, and about 1.5 million donkeys, mules, deers, bears and the like; i. e., some 67.1 million sheep equivalent units. In the cold season, there are about 18.25 million sheep equivalent units grazing on these sandy rangelands every year. The anim­als can take in the dry, yellow standings reserved from the sandy rangelands, and lick the snow fro water, or drink the pumped water from the wells shallow or deep.

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Experiments and Extension of the Utilization and Improvement of Sandy Rangelands in Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region, China

There are about 60 million ha. of rangelands available for livestock in Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region. In the great vast area of rangelands there are 4 rather large sandy rangelands: 1) the Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland; 2) the Kerching Sandy Rangeland ; 3) the Hunshandak Sandy Rangeland ; and 4) the Maowoos Sandy Rangeland. Their total area covers about 20.8 million ha and accounts for more than 1/3 of that available in N. M. A. R.

The Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland located in the northeast part of N. M.A. R. - N 47° 40'-50°12' E 118°3!'-121°03' 355 km in width, 511 km in length, 6.7 m'illion ha in acreage: 550-700 m above sea level; annual rainfall 300-320 mm; 10°C accumulated temperature l 700-2270°C ; frost-free period 130-140 days; annual daylight 2691-2763 hr .. The vegetation there mainly consists of thin woods of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica bushes of Lespedeza spp., Cory/us heterophylla, and Pteridiuma quilium, var. taliusculum, Stipa baicalensis, Agropyron cri­statum, Roegneria spp. and the like. The coverage of the veg­etation reaches to 30 %, somewhere even to 50 %. Generally, there are some 3.9 million sheep equivalent units grazing there in the cold season. The Kerching Sandy Rangeland situated in the east part of N. M. A. R. - N 42°41'-45°15', E 118°35'-123°30'; width 345 km; length 514 km. The topology there declines gently from west to east, and the elevation from 650 m in the west to 150 m in the east. Its acreage mounts to some 3.4 million ha, annual rainfall 300-450 mm ; 10°C accumulated temperature 3000-3160°C; frost-free days 140-150; annual daylight 2858-2994 hr. The vegetation there always consists of Salix jlavida, Armeniaca sibirica, Caragana microphylla, Artemisia halodren­dren, Lespedeza spp., Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and so on. The coverage of the vegetation usually reaches to 20 40 %. There are some 4.1 million sheep equivalent units grazing there in the cold season. The Hunshandak Sandy Rangeland lies in the north part of N. M. A. R. - N 40°58'-46°46', E 113°28'-119°55'; width 241 km; length 414 km, acreage 6.9 million ha., elevation 100 m more or less, annual rainfall 320-380 mm, 10°C accumulated temperature 1800-2250°C, frost-free period 100-130 days, annual daylight 2855-2997 hr .. The vegetation of it always consists of thin woods of Ulmus spp., and Hedysarum mongolicum, Caragana spp., Achnatherum splendens, Stipa breviflora, Agropyron cristatum, A. mongolicum and so forth.

The coverage of the vegetation is 30-50 %. There are about 6 million sheep equivalent units grazing there in the cold season. The Moawoos Sandy Rangeland stretches from the south part of N. M. A. R. - N 37°37'-40°52', E 106°35'-109°40'; 262 km from north to south, and 297 km from east to west, 2.8 million ha in acreage, 990-1050 m above sea level, annual rainfall 200-400 mm, 10°C accumulated temperature 2800-3600°C, frost-free period 140-165 days, annual daylight 2900-3200 hr.. The vegetation there mainly consists of Rhamnus spp., Salix jlavida and S. cheilophila, Caragana korshinskii, Artemi­sia ordosica, A. sphaerocephala, Pegionium cornatum, Psammochloa, villosa, Agriphyllum arenarium, Stipa krylovii, S. glareosa, Agropyron desertorum, etc. There are about 4.15 mil­lion sheep equivalent units grazing on it in the cold season. There are about 43 millions livestock raised by the nomadic people in N. M. A. R. - 4.1 million of cattle, more than 2 mil­lion horses, 0.3 million camels, some 27 million sheep, 8.1 mil­lion goats, and about 1.5 million donkeys, mules, deers, bears and the like; i. e., some 67.1 million sheep equivalent units. In the cold season, there are about 18.25 million sheep equivalent units grazing on these sandy rangelands every year. The anim­als can take in the dry, yellow standings reserved from the sandy rangelands, and lick the snow fro water, or drink the pumped water from the wells shallow or deep.