Abstract
Background—Perioperative antiplatelet agents potentially increase bleeding after non–ST‐segment elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The protease‐activated receptor 1 antagonist vorapaxar reduced cardiovascular events and was associated with increased bleeding versus placebo in NSTE ACS, but its efficacy and safety in noncardiac surgery (NCS) remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate ischemic, bleeding, and long‐term outcomes of vorapaxar in NCS after NSTE ACS.
Methods and Results—In the TRACER trial, 2202 (17.0%) patients underwent major or minor NCS after NSTE ACS over 1.5 years (median); continuing study treatment perioperatively was recommended. The primary ischemic end point for this analysis was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or urgent revascularization within 30 days of NCS. Safety outcomes included 30‐day NCS bleeding and GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding. Overall, 1171 vorapaxar and 1031 placebo patients underwent NCS. Preoperative aspirin and thienopyridine use was 96.8% versus 97.7% (P = 0.235) and 89.1% versus 86.1% (P=0.036) for vorapaxar versus placebo, respectively. Within 30 days of NCS, no differences were observed in the primary ischemic end point between vorapaxar and placebo groups (3.4% versus 3.9%; adjusted odds ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.33, P = 0.41). Similarly, no differences in NCS bleeding (3.9% versus 3.4%; adjusted odds ratio 1.41, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.31, P = 0.17) or GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding (4.2% versus 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.83, P = 0.55) were observed. In a 30‐day landmarked analysis, NCS patients had a higher long‐term risk of the ischemic end point (adjusted hazard ratio 1.62, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.97, P < 0.001) and GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio 5.63, 95% CI 3.98 to 7.97, P < 0.001) versus patients who did not undergo NCS, independent of study treatment.
Conclusion—NCS after NSTE ACS is common and associated with more ischemic outcomes and bleeding. Vorapaxar after NSTE ACS was not associated with increased perioperative ischemic or bleeding events in patients undergoing NCS.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-2015
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002546
Funding Information
The TRACER trial was funded by Merck & Co, Inc (Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA).
Related Content
Data Supplement (unedited) at: http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/suppl/2015/12/16/JAHA.115.002546.DC1
Repository Citation
van Diepen, Sean; Tricoci, Pierluigi; Podder, Mohua; Westerhout, Cynthia M.; Aylward, Philip E.; Held, Claes; Van de Werf, Frans; Strony, John; Wallentin, Lars; Moliterno, David J.; White, Harvey D.; Mahaffey, Kenneth W.; Harrington, Robert A.; and Armstrong, Paul W., "Efficacy and Safety of Vorapaxar in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery" (2015). Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications. 8.
https://uknowledge.uky.edu/heart_facpub/8
Data Supplement: Appendix - Supplemental Tables
Notes/Citation Information
Published in Journal of the American Heart Association, v. 4, no. 12, e002546, p. 1-11.
© 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.